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| ABOUT Scholars, manuscripts, mediaeval history, dating, 'author, Welsh Renaissance, mythological recnstruction, structural analysis, interlacing, literature and language, motifs and themes. Triads, poetry. OTHER INDEXES: [[a-z|Main Index A-Z]] * [[0arts|Mabinogi Arts]] * [[0qu|Quotes]]. See also [[0ind|Indexes Help]] about each Index; & the Mabinogi Bibliography. | ABOUT Scholars, manuscripts, mediaeval history, dating, 'author, Welsh Renaissance, mythological recnstruction, structural analysis, interlacing, literature and language, motifs and themes. Triads, poetry. OTHER INDEXES: [[a-z|Main Index A-Z]] * [[0arts|Mabinogi Arts]] * [[0qu|Quotes]]. See also [[0ind|Indexes Help]] about each Index; & the Mabinogi Bibliography. | ||
| - | **ORDER** For A-Z on names of scholars, click **SCHOLAR** at the top. To return to Timeline order click **DATE**. \\ | + | **ORDER** Should appear in A-Z name order, if not click **NAME** at the top. For Timeline order click **DATE**. Tag words with the name help searches, select from list here below.\\ |
| - | **SEARCH TAGS** (Copy paste into search box below - include the *asterisk)\\ | + | **SEARCH TAGS** (Copy paste to search box top of index (not main site search) - include the *asterisk)\\ |
| - | *19thC *annwfn *character *coherent *critique guest *cwn annwfn *death *gods *goddess *hunt *interweaving [guest’s] *journal *legal *mabinogion *magic *morality *myth *place *politics *pryderi cycle *pughe *romance *ruler [Mabinogi] *status *social status *structure *style *three themes *trans *voice *welsh [language] *women | + | *19thC *annwfn *character *coherent *critique guest *cwn annwfn *death *episode *gods *goddess *hunt *interweaving [guest’s] *journal *legal *mabinogion *magic *morality *myth *place *politics *pryderi cycle *pughe *romance *religion *ruler [Mabinogi] *status *social status *structure *style *three themes *trans *voice *welsh [language] *women |
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| |**Arberth**\\ //*place *trans//| |Most trans. make Arberth ‘a’ or ‘one of' Pwyll's chief courts, not the single chief court. Ellis Mabinogion, p. ?); Jones, (1949) p. 4; Bollard, (2006) p. 19; Davies, (2008) p. 3) Ford: ‘the chief court’ of Dyfed. (Ford, (1977) p. 37| | |**Arberth**\\ //*place *trans//| |Most trans. make Arberth ‘a’ or ‘one of' Pwyll's chief courts, not the single chief court. Ellis Mabinogion, p. ?); Jones, (1949) p. 4; Bollard, (2006) p. 19; Davies, (2008) p. 3) Ford: ‘the chief court’ of Dyfed. (Ford, (1977) p. 37| | ||
| |**Arberth**\\ //*place//| |Location: in the present county of Cardigan’ (Rhys Lect V p. 498) 'the modern Narberth in Pembrokeshire; Arberth being the form of the name still in use among the Welsh speaking inhabitants of the district.’ Anwyl IV, p. 125. Town of Narberth in Dyfed [Pembs.] from //yn Arberth//, ‘in Arberth’. Bollard (2006) p. 19, sidenote, see more [[0qu|Quotes]]| | |**Arberth**\\ //*place//| |Location: in the present county of Cardigan’ (Rhys Lect V p. 498) 'the modern Narberth in Pembrokeshire; Arberth being the form of the name still in use among the Welsh speaking inhabitants of the district.’ Anwyl IV, p. 125. Town of Narberth in Dyfed [Pembs.] from //yn Arberth//, ‘in Arberth’. Bollard (2006) p. 19, sidenote, see more [[0qu|Quotes]]| | ||
| - | |**Arberth**\\ //*place *myth//| |Gorsedd: 'seats of supernatural power’ (Rhys Lect II p. 205, n. 191?) ‘hills and mounds played a special part in the religious observances of the Celts. (Ford, (1977) p. 35-36) | + | |**Arberth**\\ //*place *myth//| |Gorsedd: 'seats of supernatural power’ (Rhys Lect II p. 205, n. 191?) ‘hills and mounds played a special part in the religious observances of the Celts. (Ford, (1977) p. 35-36)| |
| |**Arnold**\\ //*19thC *status *politics//|1839 April 27|Often quoted judgement re mediaeval Welsh storytellers as 'peasants' building 'huts' in ruins of past 'architecture'. [[0qu|Quote]] Colonial attitude, Englishman, used by Welsh scholars to support mythological broken 'remains'. (Part II, p. 61.) 'the medieval storyteller is pillaging (R.W. Intro. Guest p. 2) quoted WJG 1912, pp. 40-41, challenged p. 54 [[0qu|Quote]].| | |**Arnold**\\ //*19thC *status *politics//|1839 April 27|Often quoted judgement re mediaeval Welsh storytellers as 'peasants' building 'huts' in ruins of past 'architecture'. [[0qu|Quote]] Colonial attitude, Englishman, used by Welsh scholars to support mythological broken 'remains'. (Part II, p. 61.) 'the medieval storyteller is pillaging (R.W. Intro. Guest p. 2) quoted WJG 1912, pp. 40-41, challenged p. 54 [[0qu|Quote]].| | ||
| + | |**Arthur**\\ | |Distinguishes legendary and historical personage. (Pughe Biog, 13, cont. to 18) No appearance in Mabinogi. (WJG 1912, p. 32) ‘absence of Arthur from some of the tales, and the different treatment of Arthur in those tales where his name is introduced, in fact, the antiquity of these stories can be gauged to some extent by their treatment of that personage.’ (Lloyd, p. 166) ‘Arthur is distinctly a Cymric hero, and his court is distinctly a Cymric court’ & more (Lloyd, p. 168) See more by Lloyd ref. //Culhwch// (Lloyd, pp. 227-30)| | ||
| |**Bartrum**\\ //*annwfn//|1993|’It is evident that Caer Siddi is a place in Annwn, or, accordng to Morris-Jones (p.238) and Loomis (p.148), another name for it.’ (Bartrum p. 101)| | |**Bartrum**\\ //*annwfn//|1993|’It is evident that Caer Siddi is a place in Annwn, or, accordng to Morris-Jones (p.238) and Loomis (p.148), another name for it.’ (Bartrum p. 101)| | ||
| |**Bartrum**\\ //*place//|1993|Caer Arianrhod: Humphrey Llwyd identified the site as a shoal about half a mile from the coast of Arfon in the parish of Clynnog, called in dialect Tregaranthrag, grid ref. SO 4254. (p. 87)| | |**Bartrum**\\ //*place//|1993|Caer Arianrhod: Humphrey Llwyd identified the site as a shoal about half a mile from the coast of Arfon in the parish of Clynnog, called in dialect Tregaranthrag, grid ref. SO 4254. (p. 87)| | ||
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| |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*legal *politics *trans//|1929|//gwyrda//: A prince was not an arbitrary ruler. The //gwyrda// were the guardians of custom, and the stories often mention taking counsel. Ellis (1929) p.31.n. 79| | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*legal *politics *trans//|1929|//gwyrda//: A prince was not an arbitrary ruler. The //gwyrda// were the guardians of custom, and the stories often mention taking counsel. Ellis (1929) p.31.n. 79| | ||
| |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*legal *trans//|1929|//kadarn avngwr y gedymdeithias a diffleis a geueis y yn gedymdeith// Lit. ‘strong of one man for his companionship and secure did I obtain as a companion.’ Prob. //kadarn avngwr// is a lost idiom. Ref. Arawn comment on Pwyll. (Ellis 15, n. 40) | | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*legal *trans//|1929|//kadarn avngwr y gedymdeithias a diffleis a geueis y yn gedymdeith// Lit. ‘strong of one man for his companionship and secure did I obtain as a companion.’ Prob. //kadarn avngwr// is a lost idiom. Ref. Arawn comment on Pwyll. (Ellis 15, n. 40) | | ||
| + | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*character//|1929|Rhiannon, Gwawl, small bag. Magic Bag common to Welsh story, ‘fascinating process of development, which deserves a special monograph, it grew into the myth of the Holy Grail.’ (p.24, n. 65) Ellis supports Loth, the retinue is cast into the bag, as fantasy event & language both fit. (p. 27. n. 68)| | ||
| + | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*character//|1929|Gwawl, badger-in-the-bag: The game persisted into the late Middle Ages though no one knows its precise nature. cf. Efnisien’s treatment of warriors in bags. (p.27, n. 69)| | ||
| + | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*legal//|1929|Gwawl, badger-in-the-bag: A bond. Trans. Poss. 'leave him in the bag (until he promises) to give to all for you.' (p. 28, n.70)| | ||
| |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*moral//|1929|//Math// [4]: ’barbaric [tale] because the teller wished it to be so. (p.99)| | |**Ellis & Lloyd**\\ //*moral//|1929|//Math// [4]: ’barbaric [tale] because the teller wished it to be so. (p.99)| | ||
| + | |**Episodes**\\ //*episode//| |'The Assembly of Bran'; 'The Avenging od the Blow to Branwen'; 'The Singing of the Birds of Rhiannon'. See Ford (1977) p. 3.| | ||
| |**Ferguson**, Anne Marie\\ //*Arts *Magic//|2006|'Mystic realism' an 'organic reality, seen ... an imaginative, poetic lens.' Artist, Llewelyn Tarot, Arawn, Rhiannon, Bendigeidfran, Gwydion, Lleu images. [[0qu|Quote]] [[http://tarotprophet.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-llewellyn-tarot-deck/|Source]]| | |**Ferguson**, Anne Marie\\ //*Arts *Magic//|2006|'Mystic realism' an 'organic reality, seen ... an imaginative, poetic lens.' Artist, Llewelyn Tarot, Arawn, Rhiannon, Bendigeidfran, Gwydion, Lleu images. [[0qu|Quote]] [[http://tarotprophet.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-llewellyn-tarot-deck/|Source]]| | ||
| |**Ford**\\ //*annwfn//|1977|Movement between here and Annwfn is easy, without markers. Pwyll, //cwn anwwfn//. ‘Adventures in the Otherworld are common enough in romance, but in mediaeval Celtic literature they play a large role.’ Contrasts the ‘world of ordinary mortals’ but ‘often hard to disttinguish … between the two.’ Fourth Branch no opposition of worlds.(1977, p. 35) cf. Lloyd (1911) p. 243. [[0qu|Quote]]| | |**Ford**\\ //*annwfn//|1977|Movement between here and Annwfn is easy, without markers. Pwyll, //cwn anwwfn//. ‘Adventures in the Otherworld are common enough in romance, but in mediaeval Celtic literature they play a large role.’ Contrasts the ‘world of ordinary mortals’ but ‘often hard to disttinguish … between the two.’ Fourth Branch no opposition of worlds.(1977, p. 35) cf. Lloyd (1911) p. 243. [[0qu|Quote]]| | ||
| + | |**Ford**\\ //*episode *structure//|1977|'The Assembly of Bran'; 'The Avenging od the Blow to Branwen'. ‘smaller quasi-independent episodes’ … ‘part of a storehouse of tradition on which story-tellers and poets could draw’ See LORE. (p. 3)| | ||
| |**Ford**\\ //*place *myth *structure//|1977|Compares Arberth [1] to rock of Harlech [4] where ‘the action of the tale begins, and the site of the Otherworld feast.’ [3] Origin of ’disappearance of every living thing from the land’ & ’the place where Manawydan secures the restoration of Life and prosperity of Dyfed’ (p. 36)| | |**Ford**\\ //*place *myth *structure//|1977|Compares Arberth [1] to rock of Harlech [4] where ‘the action of the tale begins, and the site of the Otherworld feast.’ [3] Origin of ’disappearance of every living thing from the land’ & ’the place where Manawydan secures the restoration of Life and prosperity of Dyfed’ (p. 36)| | ||
| + | |**Ford**\\ //*character//|1977|[3] Rhiannon, bag, language. 'can never be filled except by recitation of a special formula’ (p. 36)| | ||
| + | |**Ford**\\ //*character//|1977|[3] Rhiannon, asses' collar. Juvenal, Minucius Felix refer mules, asses. (p. 5)also Winkle: Minucius asses/ Epona, links to Isis (2015 p. 10, 11)| | ||
| |**Ford**\\ //*place *myth *structure//|1977|//Hanes Taliesin// Taliesin claims in a poem he was three times in the ‘prison of Arianrhod’. (p. 36) cf. Caer Arianrhod.| | |**Ford**\\ //*place *myth *structure//|1977|//Hanes Taliesin// Taliesin claims in a poem he was three times in the ‘prison of Arianrhod’. (p. 36) cf. Caer Arianrhod.| | ||
| |**Ford**\\ //*structure//|1977|//Cyfranc Caseg a’r Mab// ‘The Adventure of the Mare and the Boy,’ Detailed example of lore. (Ford, pp. 3-14) Separate tale, Gwent mirrors Arberth, Rhiannon = mare. A tale in ‘separate existence and perhaps known independently under that name’, from Teyrnon’s reference with these words, at Arberth. Continuity into Third Branch. ‘one of the most significant narratives in the tradition.’ (p. 4) Notes both boy and colt taken to Arberth (p. 6) | | |**Ford**\\ //*structure//|1977|//Cyfranc Caseg a’r Mab// ‘The Adventure of the Mare and the Boy,’ Detailed example of lore. (Ford, pp. 3-14) Separate tale, Gwent mirrors Arberth, Rhiannon = mare. A tale in ‘separate existence and perhaps known independently under that name’, from Teyrnon’s reference with these words, at Arberth. Continuity into Third Branch. ‘one of the most significant narratives in the tradition.’ (p. 4) Notes both boy and colt taken to Arberth (p. 6) | | ||
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| |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*magic *gods *goddess *annwfn//|1911|'the supernatural is treated as the most natural thing in the world.' (p. 164) 'Magic is the chief machinery of the stories …'(p. 222). See [[0qu|Quote]] Possibly ‘Gwydion and Math were originally inhabitants of Annwn, just like Arawn, as they are evidently gods who have deteriorated into magicians, and the same may be true of Ysbyddaden Ben Cawr.’ (p. 244)| | |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*magic *gods *goddess *annwfn//|1911|'the supernatural is treated as the most natural thing in the world.' (p. 164) 'Magic is the chief machinery of the stories …'(p. 222). See [[0qu|Quote]] Possibly ‘Gwydion and Math were originally inhabitants of Annwn, just like Arawn, as they are evidently gods who have deteriorated into magicians, and the same may be true of Ysbyddaden Ben Cawr.’ (p. 244)| | ||
| |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*character//|1911|Pryderi & Manawydan contrasted. Pryderi 'Celtic .. impulsive and hot-tempered'. Manawydan 'cautious and wary ... cunning ... prudent'. Ref. saddlers and shoemakers.(pp. 234-35) [[0qu|Quote]]| | |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*character//|1911|Pryderi & Manawydan contrasted. Pryderi 'Celtic .. impulsive and hot-tempered'. Manawydan 'cautious and wary ... cunning ... prudent'. Ref. saddlers and shoemakers.(pp. 234-35) [[0qu|Quote]]| | ||
| + | |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*character//|1911|Gwawl, badger-in-the-bag: Poss ‘elements of paganism’ to explain (p. 243)| | ||
| |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*character//|1911|Rhiannon & Branwen contrasted. Rhiannon 'perfect lady' suffers in silence. Branwen 'has no scruple' sending for aid, yet suffers less. (p. 235) [[0qu|Quote]]| | |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*character//|1911|Rhiannon & Branwen contrasted. Rhiannon 'perfect lady' suffers in silence. Branwen 'has no scruple' sending for aid, yet suffers less. (p. 235) [[0qu|Quote]]| | ||
| |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*voice *women//|1911|'Great deference is paid to women, their opinion is respected, and their advice sought.' (p. 234) [[0qu|Quote]]| | |**Lloyd**, E.J.\\ //*voice *women//|1911|'Great deference is paid to women, their opinion is respected, and their advice sought.' (p. 234) [[0qu|Quote]]| | ||
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| |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*annwfn//|1977|//Preiddu Annwfn// ‘“I sang before the sons of Ebyr Henfelen” evidently a name for the Otherworld/ “I was with Brân in Ireland” “I saw when Morddwyd Tyllon (Pierced Thigh) was slain” which clearly alludes to thehappy Otherworld presided over by Brân and Manawydan’ (p. 31)| | |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*annwfn//|1977|//Preiddu Annwfn// ‘“I sang before the sons of Ebyr Henfelen” evidently a name for the Otherworld/ “I was with Brân in Ireland” “I saw when Morddwyd Tyllon (Pierced Thigh) was slain” which clearly alludes to thehappy Otherworld presided over by Brân and Manawydan’ (p. 31)| | ||
| |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*structure//|1977|The mound of Arberth passage prefaces ‘the appearance of the divine Rhiannon’ Mac Cana (p. 34)| | |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*structure//|1977|The mound of Arberth passage prefaces ‘the appearance of the divine Rhiannon’ Mac Cana (p. 34)| | ||
| + | |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*gender *legal//|1977|Rhiannon, bag: strategy reduced to ‘a ruse’ (p. 25 paraphrase)| | ||
| |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*gender//|1977|Arianrhod & Gwydion ‘by his cunning and magic circumvents her interdiction and in particular how he creates a wife [sic] for Lleu of the flowers of the field’ (p. 28) in paraphrase.| | |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*gender//|1977|Arianrhod & Gwydion ‘by his cunning and magic circumvents her interdiction and in particular how he creates a wife [sic] for Lleu of the flowers of the field’ (p. 28) in paraphrase.| | ||
| |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*gender//|1977|Arianrhod: ‘required to step over a wand … she fails [sic] dismally’ p. 28| | |**Mac Cana**, Proinsias\\ //*gender//|1977|Arianrhod: ‘required to step over a wand … she fails [sic] dismally’ p. 28| | ||
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| |**Pughe**\\ //*19thC *annwfn//|1820|Arawn 'Silver-tongued King' //Cambrian Register//, Vol. 2, No. 18, (Feb., 1821), p. 272). ’Aron and Pasgen, in the Ancient Mythology, were two kings of the invisible world. (Pughe //Biog.// p. 12) | | |**Pughe**\\ //*19thC *annwfn//|1820|Arawn 'Silver-tongued King' //Cambrian Register//, Vol. 2, No. 18, (Feb., 1821), p. 272). ’Aron and Pasgen, in the Ancient Mythology, were two kings of the invisible world. (Pughe //Biog.// p. 12) | | ||
| |**Pughe**\\ //*19thC *mabinogion//|1834 May 24|Pughe writes with evident painful difficulty in his illness. Letter to A. J. Johnes. (Marion Henry Jones, 'The Letters of Arthur James Johnes', BLWJ (1958) pp. 256-57) [[0qu|Quotes]]| | |**Pughe**\\ //*19thC *mabinogion//|1834 May 24|Pughe writes with evident painful difficulty in his illness. Letter to A. J. Johnes. (Marion Henry Jones, 'The Letters of Arthur James Johnes', BLWJ (1958) pp. 256-57) [[0qu|Quotes]]| | ||
| + | |**Religion**\\ //*religion//| |Secular text, with few exceptions. Marriage = witnesses at feasts, no ceremony [1,2,3]. Baptism 'as it was in those days' Gwri [1], Blodeuedd [4]. Branwen says 'Alas, Son of God' as she dies [2]. Manawydan meets priest, bishop (Llwyd disguised) [3]. Spear forged during Mass on Sundays, Lleu [4]. Speakers swear by God.| | ||
| |**Rhys**\\ //*19thC *annwfn//|1888|‘the ancient idea which made of the northern part of this island a sort of Hades and abode of the departed.' (Lect. IV) ‘the powers of the other world’Lect. IV p. 337| | |**Rhys**\\ //*19thC *annwfn//|1888|‘the ancient idea which made of the northern part of this island a sort of Hades and abode of the departed.' (Lect. IV) ‘the powers of the other world’Lect. IV p. 337| | ||
| |**Rhys**\\ //*19thC *character *gender//|1888|Incest: ‘how Gwydion thrice [sic] thwarted his mistress, Arianrhod, with regard to a son of theirs whom she wished to disown.’ Lect. p. 236. 'Gwydion brought his own mistress to Mâth, namely, Arianrhod, daughter of Mâth's sister Dôn’ (Lect. p. 308. Also p. 284| | |**Rhys**\\ //*19thC *character *gender//|1888|Incest: ‘how Gwydion thrice [sic] thwarted his mistress, Arianrhod, with regard to a son of theirs whom she wished to disown.’ Lect. p. 236. 'Gwydion brought his own mistress to Mâth, namely, Arianrhod, daughter of Mâth's sister Dôn’ (Lect. p. 308. Also p. 284| | ||
| - | |**Triad 26**\\ //*Triad//| |Arawn gave seven pigs to Pwyll, who gave them to Pendaran Dyfed. Their swineherd was Pryderi, serving Pendaran.| | + | |//**Trioedd**// 'Triads' //*Triad *character//| |See [[triads|Triad]] essay. 14 Triads relate to Mabinogi plus one implicit in Mabinogi text ('//rieni//' [2]). Info. in them typically brief, as if for memory aid. Classic study: Rachel Bromwich, //Trioedd Ynys Prydain: The Welsh Triads// (1961, many reprints, 2006 new ed.) Some Triad info. conflicts with Mabinogi. Characters: Arianrhod (35, 78), Bendigeidfran (37), Branwen (Implicit, 53, 95), Caradawc (13), Casallawn (35, 38), Goronwy (30), Gwydion (28), Lleu (67), (Mabon, 52), Manawydan (8, 67), Math (27, 28), Pendaran (26), Pryderi (26), Pwyll (26).| |
| - | |**Triad 78**\\ //*Triad//| |Arianrhod one of the ‘Three fair maidens’ of Ynys Prydain' (TYP) Famous beauty (//Taliesin// 36, 14-15). Noted by Pughe, as 'immaculate ladies' //Biog.//, p. 12 | | + | |**Triad 8**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[3] //Tri Lledyf 6nben Enys Prydein//, 'Three Prostrate (‘Humble’) Chieftains of the Island of Britain' incl. Manawydan (& Llywarch the Old, Gwgon Gwron). (TYP 'Early Version' p. 15-16) '//lledyf// various trans. WJG `passive' (//Rhiannon//, p. 82)| |
| + | |**Triad 13**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[2] //Tri Chynweissyat Enys Prydein//, ‘Three Chief Officers/ (Stewards) of …’ incl. Caradawc mab Bran. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 25 -27)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 16**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|//Tri gwrduagla6c Enys Prydein//, ‘Three Powerful Shepherds of …’ incl. Pryder (=Care) mab Dolor (=Grief) of Deira and Bernicia. Bromwich: ecclesiastic 'shepherds', location wrong for Mab. Pryderi. Poss. pair 26. (TYP 'Early Version' p.31)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 26**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Tri Gwrdueichyat Enys Prydein//, 'Three Powerful Swineherds of ...'. Drystan, Pryderi/ Coll. Longest, most informative Triad, later versions promote Pryderi. Cites Pwyll, Pendaran, Glyn Cuch, seven pigs. Coll, Henwen sow parallels. TYP extensive notes. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 50– 58)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 27**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Tri Lleturitha6c//, ‘Three Enchanters’, alt. form Math. [4] (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 59-60)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 28**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Teir Prif Hut ...//, 'Three Great Enchantments ...’ refers to //hut// 'magic' which Math taught to Gwydion. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 61-62)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 30**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Tri Anyweir Deulu ...//, 'Three Faithless War-Bands ...’ incl. Goronwy's warband, who refused to take his place for Lleu's vengeance. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 66-69)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 35**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[3, 4] //Tri Chyuor ...//, 'Three Levies ...’ incl. Caswallawn, & Arianrhod (Beli their mother). (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 81-89)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 37**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[2] //Tri Chud a Thri Datcud ...//, ‘Three Concealments/ Three Disclosures ...’ relates to the Head of Bendigeidfran, son of Llyr. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 94-102)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 38**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[3, 4] //Tri Rodediciuarch ...//, ‘Three Bestowed Horses ...’ incl. owners: Caswallawn/ Lleu. (TYP 'Early Version' pp. 103-104)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 52**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|//Tri goruchel garcharawr ynys prydein//, ‘Three Exalted Prisoners of the Island of Britain’ //Llyr lledyeith. a mabon uab modron. a geir uab geiryoed.// ‘Llyr Half-Speech, and Mabon son of Modron, and Gwair son of Geirioedd.' Mabon has been linked to Pryderi. (TYP 'Ll. Gwyn, Coch MSS' pp. 146-49)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 53**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[2] //Teir Gwith Baluawt ...//, ‘Three Sinister (ill-omened) Hard Slaps’. Incl. Matholwch the Irish king striking Branwen daughter of Llyr. (TYP 'Ll. Gwyn, Coch MSS' pp. 146-49)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 67**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[3, 4] //Tri Eur Gryd ...//, ‘Three Noble (lit. Golden) Shoemakers’. Caswallawn fab Beli – Rome, Fflur/ Manawydan fab Llyr, when the Enchantment was on Dyfed/ Lleu Law Gyffes ‘Skilful Hand’, when he and Gwydion were seeking a name and arms from his mother Aranrhod. (TYP 'Ll. Gwyn, Coch MSS' pp. 185-88)| | ||
| + | |**Triad 78**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Teir Gwenriein ...//, 'Three fair (Royal) Ladies'. Arianrhod one of the ‘Three fair maidens’ of Ynys Prydain' (TYP, 'Later MSS', p. 208) Famous beauty (//Taliesin// 36, 14-15). Noted by Pughe, as 'immaculate ladies' //Biog.//, p. 12 | | ||
| + | |**Triad 95**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[4] //Tair Gwledd Anfeidrol ...//, 'Three People whose heart broke from Sorrow', relates to Branwen ferch Llyr/ Caradog ab Bran. (TYP, 'Later MSS', p. 242)| | ||
| + | |**Triad (Implicit)**\\ //*Triad//|1961 (2006)|[2] //Tryded Prif Rieni Ynys Prydein//, 'Three Chief/ First ladies/ ancestresses of Britain', relates to Branwen ferch Llyr, an accolade spoken by Matholwch her new husband. (TYP ???)| | ||
| |**Valente**\\ //*women *goddess//|1986|'Rhiannon is a mother, and her son is in danger of his life; there is nothing odd in her behavior, nothing impulsive' humanity vs. goddess (p. 6) [[0qu|Quote]]| | |**Valente**\\ //*women *goddess//|1986|'Rhiannon is a mother, and her son is in danger of his life; there is nothing odd in her behavior, nothing impulsive' humanity vs. goddess (p. 6) [[0qu|Quote]]| | ||
| |**Valente**\\ //*women *voice *character//|1986|Rhiannon: 'Speech is as important a factor in the analysis of her character as is her golden costume or the fact that she rides a supernatural horse.' (p. 46)| | |**Valente**\\ //*women *voice *character//|1986|Rhiannon: 'Speech is as important a factor in the analysis of her character as is her golden costume or the fact that she rides a supernatural horse.' (p. 46)| | ||
